采礦工程專業單詞表

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1、緒論oo mine n. 礦山，礦井。 v. 采礦o mining n.采礦，采礦業，采掘行業o mineral n. 礦物o mine development 礦井開拓o mine planning 礦井設計o mine operation 礦井作業o mine closure 礦井關閉o mine reclamation 礦區恢復治理o ore n. 礦石o gangue n. 夾石，夾矸 n. 脈石 o waste n. 廢石o mineral deposit 礦床o metallic ore 金屬礦石o nonmetallic mineral 非金屬礦物o coal 煤o petrol

2、eum 石油o natural gas 天然氣o ground control 巖層控制o ventilation 通風o haulage 運輸o hoisting 提升o rock breakage 破巖o surrounding rock mass 圍巖，周圍巖層o Dynamite 炸藥o Dark Ages 黑暗時代(歐洲史上約公元476-1000年)，歐洲中世紀o prospecting 勘探，探礦o exploration 勘探，探測o development 開拓o exploitation 開采o reclamation reklmen 恢復治理，復墾o colliery kl

3、jri n. 礦井，煤礦o surface mining 露天開采o shaft 井筒，立井o slope 斜井o adit 平硐o open pit mining 基坑式露天開采 井，煤礦o open cast mining (strip mining) 倒堆式露天開采o stripe 條帶 o stripe mining 條帶開采o aqueous mining method eikwis 水采方法o underground mining 地下開采o unsupported mining 空場法/無支護法o supported mining 有支護法o caving mining 垮落法/

4、崩落法o unit operations 單元作業；工序o production operation 生產工序，主要工序o materials handling 物料搬運o drill 鉆眼o blast 爆破o load 裝載 o unload，dump，卸載o haul 運輸o auxiliary operation 輔助工序o roof support 頂板支護o ventilation and air-conditioning 通風和空氣調節o power supply 供電o pumping；drainage 排水o maintenance 設備維護o communication 通

5、訊o lighting 照明o delivery of compressed air, water 供水和壓縮空氣o supplies to the working sections 其它材料供應o provide slope stability 保持邊坡穩定o waste disposal 廢物處理o supply of material 材料供應1.1 Earth crust and stratao heavenly body 天體 o atmosphere 大氣層 o hydrosphere 水圈o lithosphere巖石圈 o earth core地核 o earth mantle

6、地幔 o crust地殼 o geologic function; geologic process地質作用o geologic process from the external force外力地質作用o geologic process from the internal force內力地質作用o metamorphic process變質作用o weathering風化作用o mechanical weathering物理風化o chemical weathering化學風化o disintegration剝蝕，剝蝕作用o decay 侵蝕、腐蝕o 侵蝕 erosiono 搬運作用 tr

7、ansportation o 沉積作用 deposition, sedimentationo 成巖作用lithogenesiso 巖石 rocko 土 soilo 礦物 mineralo 火成巖igneous rocko 沉積巖sedimentary rocko 變質巖metamorphic rocko 噴出巖 extruded rock o 侵入巖intrusive rock o 花崗巖 graniteo 玄武巖basalto 斑巖porphyryo 石英 quartzo 長石feldspar o 云母 micao 砂巖 sandstone o 粉砂巖 siltstone o 細砂巖 pac

8、ksando 粗砂巖 gritrock o 砂質泥巖 sandy mudstoneo 頁巖 shaleo 石灰巖limestoneo 泥 mudstoneo 地層、巖層 stratum (pl) Stratao 大理marbleo 板巖 slateo 石英巖quartziteo gneiss1.2 Origin of Coalo fossil n. 化石。plant fossil o peat n. 泥炭o lignite n.褐煤 = brown coalo bituminous coal 煙煤o semianthracite n. 半無煙煤o anthracite n. 無煙煤o meta

9、-anthracite 變質無煙煤o graphite n. 石墨o soft coal 軟煤，煙煤o hard coal 硬煤o fern n.蕨類植物 ferny adj. 蕨類的o moss n. 苔蘚o volatile adj. 易揮發的，n.揮發物o volatilize v. 使揮發o devolatilize v. 除去揮發成分o swamp n. 沼澤o incoalation n .煤化作用,成煤作用o bacteria n.細菌o carbon n.碳o carboniferous adj. 含碳的o vegetation n. 植被，植物o accumulate v.積

10、聚, 堆積 accumulationo overlay vt. 在上蓋o erode v. 侵蝕，腐蝕 n. erosiono 含煤地層 coal-bearing sequenceo EraPeriodEpoch （代紀世）o Erathem SystemSeries（界系統）o Quaternary adj. 第四紀的o Tertiary adj. 第三紀的o Cretaceous adj. 白堊紀的o Jurassic adj. 侏羅紀的o Triassic adj. 三疊紀的o Permian adj. 二疊紀的o Carboniferous adj. 石炭紀的o Devonian ad

11、j. 泥盆紀的o Silurian adj. 志留紀的o Ordovician adj. 奧陶紀的o Cambrian adj. 寒武紀的o Sinian adj. 震旦紀的1.3 Geologic Exploration of Coalo 勘探，n. explorationexplore, v. 勘探o 開采 n. exploitationexploit, v. 回采o 煤田 coalfieldo 井田 mine fieldo 煤炭資源 coal resourceo 找煤 search for coal seamo outcropo 煤層 coal seamo 可采煤層 minable co

12、al seamo 巖層 strata, rock seamo 周圍巖層 surrounding stratao 煤的儲coal reserveso 煤質 coal qualityo 開采條件mining conditiono 地質條件geologic conditiono 水文條件hydrologic conditiono 煤的賦存occurrence of coao 地質測geologic surveyo 探掘excavation investigationo 地球物理geophysical explorationo 鉆探 drillingo development drilling 開拓鉆

13、孔o 標志層 marked bedo mine developme礦井開拓o property 礦產o Preliminary Investigation（初步調查 ）o Field Reconnaissance（野外普查）o Preliminary Exploration of Mining Area（礦區詳查）o Detailed Exploration of Mine Fields（井田精查）1.4 Coal Reserveso 地質儲geologic reserveso 工業儲量industrial reserveso 可采儲量recoverable reserveso 回采率/采出率

14、recovery ratio/factor o 煤柱損失losses of coal pillaro 原地生成煤 In place coal o 原煤 raw coalo 精煤 clean coalo 雜質 impurityo 比重 specific gravityo 洗煤廠 preparation planto 連續開采法 continuous mining methodo 普通開采法 conventional mining methodo 長壁開采法 longwall mining methodo 短壁開采法 shortwall mining methodo 露天礦 surface min

15、eo 井工礦井 deep mineo 1.5 Geological factors affecting coal mine productiono 煤層厚度 thickness of the coal seamo 有益厚度 profitable thicknesso 總厚度 total thicknesso 頂板roofo 底板flooro 上覆地層overlying stratao 下伏地層underlying stratao 薄、中厚、厚煤層thin，medium-thick，thick coal seamo 單一結構煤層 simple texture coal seam o 復雜結構煤層

16、 complex texture coal seamo 夾矸 dirt bando 穩定、較穩定煤層、不穩定煤層、極不穩定煤層regular, comparatively regular, irregular, extremely irregular coal seamo 產狀 attitudeo 走向 strikeo 傾向 dip o 傾角 dip angleo tilt v. 使傾斜o fold v. 折疊o fracture v.使破裂o unravel v. 解開，闡明；o compass n. 羅盤o clinometer n. 測斜儀o 地質構造 geological struct

17、ureo 褶皺 foldo 背斜 upfoldo 向斜 downfoldo 斷層 faulto 正斷層 normal faulto 逆斷層 reverse fault (trust fault)o 上盤 hanging wallo 下盤 footwallo 斷層落差 fault throw/dropo 煤層分叉 split coalo 沖刷、沖蝕 washouto 礦脈 veino 巖墻 rock dike = rock dykeo clastic dike 碎屑狀巖墻o roll 頂底板凸出o cleat 層理o concretion 結核o igneous intrusion 火成巖侵入體

18、 2.1 Underground system designo cover n. 覆蓋層。o impurity n. 雜質，夾矸。o cleavage n. 節理o strength n. 強度o hardness n. 硬度o immediate roof 直接頂o methane n. 甲烷，瓦斯 o blasting mining method 炮采 o conventional mechanized mining method 普采 o fully mechanized mining method 綜采 o Element n.元素，單元。o Operation n.工序，作業。o D

19、aily operation 日常工作o Single operation 單一工序o Unit n.單元，組合o Auxiliary a.輔助的，備有的，次要的o Cutting n. o Blasting o Loadingo Haul v. 運輸，搬運o Ventilation n. 通風，通風裝置，通風量，排風。o Ground n.地層，土壤o Drainage n.排水o Power n. 動力，功率o Communication n. 通訊，聯絡，傳播o Lighting n. 照明，采光。o roadway excavation 巷道掘進o outcrop 露頭，露出地面的巖層

20、；o crosscut 聯絡巷、石門；o outby 向外，外向（指從工作面向井筒方向）o drift n. 平硐o drive v. 掘進o entry n. 平巷，巷道o room n. 房，煤房o pillar n. 柱子，煤柱o room and pillar mining 房柱式開采o conventionally mining method 普通采礦法o continuous mining method 連續采礦法o bolt n. 錨桿；v.錨桿支護 bolter n. 錨桿機o continuous miner 連續采煤機o shuttle car 梭車o tram n.電車；

21、 v. 運搬o barrier pillar 邊界煤柱o panel n. 盤區o bleeder entry 通風巷道；bloodbleedbleeder 泄水管o gob 采空區o longwall mining 長壁開采o shortwall mining 短壁開采o web n.截深o planer n. 刨煤機o shearer n.滾筒采煤機2.2 Mine preplanningo Inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。-In+adequacy(足夠，適當)o Transportation facility 運輸設備o Inflationary adj. 通貨膨脹的,通貨膨脹引起

22、的-inflation n.脹大, 通貨膨脹, (物價)暴漲-inflate v 膨脹，充氣。o Inflationary process 通貨膨脹過程o Drive up 抬高，提高o Drive into 掘進到o electromechanical adj. 機電的 Electro(電子的)+mechanical(機械的)o Electromechanical mine operation 礦井機電作業o Staff v. 雇用，聘用o Season v 適用，適應o Coordinate n. 坐標。v. （使）互相配合，（使）協調， 調整。o A multitude（n. 多數，多量

23、） of 大量o Capital investment 基本建設投資o Foremost 最主要的，最重要的o Mt metric ton 公噸。o 453.5Mt = 500 million tons 0.907Mt = 1 million tono put into operation 投產，投入使用o The life of the property 礦產/井的使用年限。o For convenience 為了方便其見o Minability 可采性o Marketability 適銷性，可銷性o Option 買賣選擇權,優先購買權o Enter upon 開始o Operating

24、mine 生產礦井o Surface topography 地面地形，表面地形o Coalfield 煤田o Measure 層組o Coal-bearing measure含煤地層o Feature 特征；地貌。o structural feature 構造特征o surface improvement 地面上的改造o Tilled area 耕地o Reservoir 水庫o Power line 電力線，輸電線o Reservation n.保留地；自然保護區o on record n.留有記錄的,記錄在案的o Preliminary adj. 初步的，預備的，o Preferred 優

25、先 選用的，首選的o Traverse 導線。o Traverse with compass 羅盤定位。o System surveying 系統測量o Sampling 采樣o Have a bearing on 對有影響，與.有關o Available 有效的，可用的o Pricing schedule 定價方案o Preparation treatment 洗選加工o Selective adj.有選擇性的,選擇的o Master adj. 主要的，總的。o Prepare 準備，制定o A master plan of operation 總體生產計劃。o Serve as 用作，作為

26、，起到作用。o Basis 基礎，根據，依據o Since 引導原因狀語從句o Justify 調整，證明，證明是正確的，o Considerable adj. 相當大的，相當多的o Drilling pattern 鉆孔布置，鉆孔圖式o Basic map 底圖，基本地圖o Log sheet 鉆孔柱狀圖o Tabular adj. =tableo Tabular record 表格記錄o Operating management經營管理部門，經營管理,作業管理階層o Life expectancy 預期使用年限，使用壽命o Delivery of supplies 材料供應o Estima

27、te of the cost 成本估計o Sales department 銷售部門3 Mine Developmento coalfield n. 煤田o mine field n. 井田o divide v. 劃分 o division n. 劃分o mine production capacity （MPC） 礦井生產能力o mine service life 礦井服務年限o production scale of mine 井型o small mine 小型礦井o middle mine 中型礦井o large mine 大型礦井o huge mine 特大型礦井o strike n.

28、 走向; dip n. 傾向; o dip angle 傾角o workable adj. 可采的 o workable reserve n. 可采儲量o opening n. 通道，開口 o passageway n. 通道o mine opening n. 礦山井巷o shaft n. 立井o roadway n. 巷道o chamber n. 硐室o main shaft 主立井 o auxiliary shaft 副立井o air shaft 風井o blind shaft 暗立井o drawn shaft 溜井o chute n. 溜煤眼 u:t o adit n. 平硐 o dri

29、ft n. 平硐o crosscut n. 聯絡巷；石門o coal crosscut 煤門 in-seam crosscuto entry n. 平巷 o haulage n. 運輸o main haulage roadway 主要運輸平巷o main return-air roadway 主要回風平巷o head entry 區段運輸平巷 o tail entry 區段回風平巷o Slope n. 斜井o rise n. 上山 o dip n. 下山o rock rise 巖石上山 o coal rise 煤層上山 o coal haulage rise 運煤上山 o material t

30、ransporting rise 運料上山o return-air rise 回風上山 o men-walking rise 行人上山o inclined roadway of a strip 分帶斜巷o inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip 分帶運煤斜巷o inclined material haulage roadway of a strip 分帶運料斜巷o development roadway 開拓巷道o preparation roadway 準備巷道 o gateway 回采巷道o pit bottom 井底車場 o shaft bott

31、om 井底車場o station n. 車場，車站o mining district station 采區車場o horizon n. 階段 o level n. 水平o haulage level 運輸水平 o return-air level 回風水平o mining level 開采水平o interval between levels 階段垂高o mining district 采區 o panel n. 盤區o Sublevel n. 分段 o strip district n. 帶區o inclined length 斜長 o strike length 走向長度o distric

32、t sublevel 區段 o open-off cut n. 切眼o Coalface n. 采煤面 o working face工作面o production n. 生產；產量 o production system 生產系統o coal haulage system 運煤系統o ventilation n. 通風 o ventilation system通風系統o fresh air 新鮮風 o dirty air 乏風，污風o refuse n. 矸石o material and refuse transportation system 運料排矸系統o drain v. 排水 o dr

33、ainage system 排水系統 o power supply system (electric power, compressed air) 動力供應（電、壓風）o communication and monitoring system 通訊、監測系統o drive v. 掘進 o excavate v. 開挖，開掘o hoist v. 提升 o winch n. 絞車o Car dump 翻籠硐室o Coal bunker 煤倉o Skip loader 箕斗裝載硐室o Inclined roadway 清理井底撒煤斜巷o (2) Chambers of auxiliary shaft

34、 systemo Central substation 中央變電所o Pump station 水泵房o Sump 水倉o Waiting room 等候室o (3) other chambers: dispatch room調度室,人車停車場，電機車修理車間。 o (1) chambers of mine shaft system主井系統的硐室：o unloading station for Drop-bottom Car(底卸式礦車卸載站)、o Turn-over-cage unloading station(翻籠卸載站)、o Pit-bottom Coal Bunker chamber(

35、井底煤倉硐室)、o skip loading chamber(箕斗裝載硐室)o chambers of Auxiliary shaft system副井系統硐室：o ingate(馬頭門)、underground central substation o room(中央變電所)、o main pumping room(水泵房)、o drain sump(水倉)、o pit-bottom waiting room(等候室)、o signal room(信號室)o other chambers其他硐室：o Pit-bottom dispatching room(調度室)、o underground

36、 locomotive repair room(機車庫及修理間)、o magazine(爆破材料庫)、o tools room(工具室)4 Introduction of Mining Methodo 工作面：working face； o 采煤工作面：coalfaceo 切眼：open-off cuto 區段平巷：panel entry o 工作面順槽：gate entry o 區段運輸巷：head gate， o 區段軌道巷：tail gateo 工作面運輸巷（下順槽）：head entryo 工作面回風巷（上順槽）：tail entryo 區段回風巷：bleeder entry o 聯絡

37、巷：crosscuto 采空區：gob / goaf o 端頭：endo longwall mining on strike 走向長壁開采o mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前進式開采o mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式開采o inclined longwall mining 傾斜長壁開采o underhand mining 俯采o overhand mining 仰采o Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤機；o Shearer，

38、滾筒采煤機 o Plow，planer 刨煤機o Face conveyor 工作面運輸機o Pan line,”溜子” o Chain conveyor 鏈式運輸機o Scraper chain conveyor 刮板輸送機o Armored chain conveyor 鎧裝運輸機o Roof support system：頂板支護系統o Friction prop 摩擦支柱 o Friction metal prop 金屬摩擦支柱o Hydraulic prop 液壓支柱o Single/Individual hydraulic prop 單體液壓支柱o Hydraulic powere

39、d self-advanced support 液壓自移式支架o Roof support 頂板支架o Match-up 配套：o （1）Conveyor as the track or guide of the shearer；o （2）pull supports by conveyor;o （3）push conveyor by support.o Other equipments in gate entrieso Stage loader：轉載機o Panel belt conveyor 區段皮帶運輸機o Electrical control center 電力控制裝置/設備o Hydr

40、aulic pump station 液壓泵站o Belt feeder 膠帶給料機o Crusher 破碎機o Wooden cribs 木垛o Permanent stopping 永久性風墻，密閉o Regulator 調節風窗o Check curtain 調節風簾o Intake air 進風o Return air 回風o Shuttle car route 梭車運行路線o 4.1 Introduction1）stope 采場 o 2）coal face 采煤工作面o 3）mining works/operations 回采工作 o 4）winning/mining techniq

41、ue 采煤工藝o 5）mining system 采煤系統o 6）mining method 采煤方法o Mining works “采煤作業”o Basic operations 基本工序：o Coal Breaking 破煤o Coal Loading 裝煤o Coal Hauling 運煤o Auxiliary operations 輔助工序：o Roof support 工作面支護o Gob treatment 采空區處理o Auxiliary transportation 輔助運輸, o ventilation通風, o drainage 排水,o power supply供電, o

42、 emulsion supply供液（乳化液）等。o 1 Dry mining 旱采o 1）Wall system壁式o （1）Full-seam 整層o I單一長壁 single longwallo i 走向長壁 longwall on strikeo ii 傾向長壁inclined longwallo II放頂煤 Sublevel cavingo III掩護支架 Shieldo （2）Slicing method分層o I傾斜分層 Inclined slicingo II水平分層 Horizontal slicingo III斜切分層Oblique slicingo IV水平分段放頂煤 horizontal sublevel cavingo 2）Pillar syste